Read the text:
EDUCATION SYSTEM OF BELARUS
The
aim of education is to develop to the full the talents of children for their
own benefit and benefit of society as a whole. It is a large-scale investment
in the future.
In
Republic of Belarus there is a free state education system. It has the
following
stages: pre-school education, secondary school, vocational training and university education.
Pre-school
education for the children from 3 to 6 years old is provided in kindergartens.
The children spend most of their time in some sort of play activity, as far as
possible of educational kind.
In
our country compulsory education begins at age of 6, when the children go to
primary school. At the age of 10 they transfer to secondary school. Nearly all
state secondary schools are comprehensive, that means they take all the
children in a given area, without selection, and give them a wide range of
education.
All
pupils must stay at school until the age of 15, those who are going to enter
university remain at school until the age of 17.
All
schools hold classes between Mondays and Fridays. The school year normally
begins in early September and continues into the following June. The school
year is divided into four terms.
At
the age of 15 secondary school pupils take examinations to get the General
Certificate of Secondary Education. It doesn’t allow school-leavers to enter
university, but they can start work or do some vocational training.
At
the age of 17 pupils write centralized tests and get certificates which show
their results. Admission to universities is carried out by centralized tests
results, but there may be some examinations as well.
Vocabulary
|
aim – цель education – образование benefit – польза free – бесплатный state – государственный pre-school – дошкольный kindergarten – детский сад primary school – начальная школа secondary school – средняя школа comprehensive – общеобразовательный compulsory education – обязательное обучение |
school year – учебный год term – семестр, четверть school-leaver – выпускник to enter university – поступить в университет vocational training – профессионально-техническое образование activity – деятельность wide range – широкий спектр to allow – позволять admission to universities – зачисление в
университеты |
EXERCISES
I. Make up word-combinations:
|
1. to
spend 2. to
provide 3. to
take 4. to
develop 5. to
transfer to 6. to
enter 7. to do 8. to
start 9. to
write |
a.
examinations b.
secondary school c.
education d.
university e. time f. work g.
talents h. tests i.
vocational training |
II. Complete the sentences using the words:
|
1. Education helps to develop the … of
children. 2.
Belarus education system has the following … : … education, secondary
school, … training and university
education. 3. Compulsory … begins at age of
6. 4. After primary school the
children transfer to … school. 5. Most secondary schools are …
. 6. All schools hold … between
Mondays and Fridays. 7. The school year is divided into
four … . 8. Admission to … is carried out
by centralized … results. |
comprehensive stages classes talents terms tests pre-school education universities vocational secondary |
III. Write if the
sentences are “true” or “false”:
1. There is no free state education
system in Republic of Belarus.
2. Kindergartens take children from 3 to 8 years old.
3. There
are not enough kindergartens for all children.
5. If you
leave school al the age of 15, you can do some vocational training.
6. If you are going to enter university, you will remain at school until the age of 16.
IV. Answer the questions:
1. What is
the aim of education?
2. What can
you say about Belarus state
education system?
3. What do
the children do in kindergartens?
4. When does compulsory education
begin in our country?
5. When do
the pupils transfer to
secondary school?
6. What
does the word “comprehensive” mean?
7. When
does the school year
begin? When does it
end?
8. Do the
pupils have classes on Saturdays?
9. What can
the school-leavers do
when they have the General Certificate of Secondary Education?
10. How can the pupils enter universities?
V. Translate the sentences:
1. Целью образования является развитие талантов детей.
2. Дошкольное образование осуществляется в детских садах.
3. В нашей стране обязательное обучение начинается с 6 лет.
4. В 10 лет дети переходят из начальной школы в среднюю.
5. Большинство средних школ являются общеобразовательными.
6. Учебный год начинается в сентябре и заканчивается в июне.
7. Вы можете начать работать или получить профессионально-техническое образование.
8. Зачисление в университеты производится по результатам централизованного тестирования.
Watch the video:
The
great majority of children (about 9 million or 94%) attend Britain’s 31,000
state schools. No tuition fees are payable in any of them. Only 6% of children
go to private (independent) schools where the parents have to pay.
Education
for the under-fives, mainly from 3 to 5, is not compulsory and can be provided
in nursery schools. Although they called schools, they give little formal
education. The children spend most of their time in some sort of play activity,
as far as possible of educational kind. In any case, there are not enough of
them to take all children of that age group.
Compulsory
education begins at age of
Education
within the state school system has either two stages (primary and secondary) or
three stages (first schools, middle schools and upper schools).
The
primary school usually takes children from 5 to 11. Then they transfer to
secondary school. Nearly all state secondary schools are comprehensive, that
means they take all the children in a given area, without selection, and give
them a wide range of education.
State
schools are almost all day schools, holding classes between Mondays and
Fridays. The school year normally begins in early September and continues into
the following July. The year is divided into three terms of about 13 weeks
each.
The
principal examinations taken by secondary school pupils at the age of 16 are
those leading to the General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE). It
doesn’t allow school-leavers to enter university, but they can start work or do
some vocational training.
The
chief examinations at the age of 18 are leading to General Certificate of
Education Advanced level (GCE A-level). It enables the six-formers to move to
higher education.
Admission
to universities is carried out by examination or selection (interviews).
Applications for places in nearly all the universities are sent initially to
Universities and Colleges Admission Service (UCAS). In the application an
applicant can list up to five universities in order of preference. Applications
must be sent to the UCAS in the autumn term of the academic year preceding that
in which the applicant hopes to be admitted. The UCAS sends a copy to each of
the universities named. Each of the universities selects its own students.
The
overall pupil-teacher ratio in state primary and secondary schools is about 18
to 1, one of the most favourable in the world.
Vocabulary
|
complicated – сложный state – государственный private
(independent) schools –
частные школы public schools – закрытые частные школы to pay tuition fees – платить за обучение |
nursery school – ясли admission – зачисление application – заявление applicant – абитуриент, кандидат ratio – соотношение |
EXERCISES
I. Find English equivalents in the text:
Сложная система, большие региональные различия, большинство детей, плата за обучение, приходиться платить, насколько возможно, чтобы поступить в университет, даёт возможность шестиклассникам, заявления сначала направляются, абитуриент может указать, надеется быть зачисленным, университет выбирает студентов.
II. Make up word-combinations:
|
1. complicated 2. wide 3. great 4. tuition 5. play 6. wide 7.principal 8. higher 9. admission to 10. applications for |
a. fees b. range c. system d. education e. universities f. variations g. places h. majority i. examinations j. activity |
III. Complete the sentences using the words:
|
1. The educational system of Great Britain has
wide … between one part of the country to another. 2. The majority of children attend
… schools. No tuition … are payable in any of them. 3. Education for the under-fives
can be provided in … schools. 4. Comprehensive schools give a
wide … of education. 5. Admission to … is carried out by
examination or selection. 7. Each of the universities selects its own …
. 8. The overall pupil-teacher … in state
schools is about 18 to 1. |
fees nursery range universities variations students ratio application state fees |
IV. Answer the questions:
1. How many children attend Britain’s
state schools?
2. How many children attend private
(independent) schools?
3. Are tuition fees payable in state
schools?
4. Are there any kindergartens in
Britain?
5. When does compulsory education begin
in Britain?
6. How many state schools pupils are
going to enter university?
7. What certificate of education
enables the pupils to move to higher education?
8. How is admission to universities
carried out?
9. What is the overall pupil-teacher ratio in state schools?
V. Translate the
sentences from Russian into English:
1. Система образования Великобритании является сложной.
2. Большинство детей посещают государственные школы.
3. В этих школах не нужно платить за обучение.
4. Дети от 3 до 5 лет могут ходить в ясли, но это не обязательно.
5. В Англии обязательное обучение начинается с 5 лет.
6. Учебный год делиться на три семестра.
7. В 16 лет можно сдать экзамены и получить сертификат об общем среднем образовании.
8. Чтобы поступить в университет, абитуриенты должны отослать свои заявления в специальную службу.
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